数学 | Problem Set #1 ST409

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这是一篇英国作业主要为随机过程的Problem Set
1.令(; F; P)为i.i.d的概率空间。随机变量(Yn)n1是
确定。假设E [Yk] = 0和E [Y 2
k] =2
令Y0 = 0。
Xn =
X
k = 0
k
!2
·n2
;
对于每个n0。令(Fn)n0是(Yn)n0的自然筛选。证明(Xn)n0为
mar wrt(Fn)n0。
2.令M =(Mn)n0为w(Fn)n0。令(Gn)n0为
(Fn)n0,即GnFn; 8n。对于每个n,Dene Xn = E [MnjGn]。证明(Xn)n0是一个
ting wrt(Gn)n0。
3.令(Xn)n0为w(Fn)n0。证明对于任何整数k·l·m
差异XmXl与Xk不相关。那是,
E [(XmXl)Xk] = 0:
4.令X1; X2; :::是独立的,并且均匀分布,其中á(μ)= E(expfμX1g)< 1.进一步,令(Fn)n0为(Xn)n0的自然比率,Sn = S0 + X1 + ::: + Xn。 显示: i)(Mn)n0与 Mn = expngSng á(μ)n 是关于(Fn)n0的mar。 ii)(Zn)n0,其中Zn = expfμSng; μ> 0;是关于(Fn)n0的子集市
如果随机变量Xn是标准正态分布的。计算E [Zn]。
1. Let (-;F; P) be a probability space on which the i.i.d. random variables (Yn)n1 are
deˉned. Suppose E[Yk] = 0 and E[Y 2
k ] = 2
and let Y0 = 0. Let
Xn =
n X
k=0
Yk
!2
n2
;
for each n 0. Let (Fn)n0 be the natural ˉltration of (Yn)n0. Show that (Xn)n0 is
a martingale wrt (Fn)n0.
2. Let M = (Mn)n0 be a martingale wrt (Fn)n0. Let (Gn)n0 be a subˉltration of
(Fn)n0, i.e Gn Fn; 8n. Deˉne Xn = E[MnjGn], for each n. Show that (Xn)n0 is a
martingale wrt (Gn)n0.
3. Let (Xn)n0 be a martingale wrt (Fn)n0. Show that for any set of integers k · l · m
the dierence Xm Xl is uncorrelated with Xk. That is,
E[(Xm Xl)Xk] = 0:
4. Let X1;X2; : : : be independent and identically distributed with á(μ) = E(expfμX1g) < 1. Further, let (Fn)n0 be the natural ˉltration of (Xn)n0, and Sn = S0+X1+: : :+Xn. Show that: i) (Mn)n0 with Mn = expfμSng á(μ)n is a martingale with respect to (Fn)n0. ii) (Zn)n0 with Zn = expfμSng; μ > 0; is a submartingale with respect to (Fn)n0
if the random variables Xn are standard-normal distributed. Calculate E[Zn].

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