真实分析 | 5CCM221a Analysis I BSc and MSci Examination

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这是一篇英国作业为真实分析的限时测试
5CCM221a Analysis I BSc and MSci Examination
A节
1.(15分)令(an)n2N为R和2 R中的序列。
(i)(5分)De ne收敛的概念,lim n!1an = a。
解决方案:(在演讲中介绍)我们说(an)n2N收敛到a并写
limn!1 an = a当且仅当
8“ 2 R> 0 9N 2 N 8n 2 N N:jan aj <”: (ii)(5分)使用收敛的定义,证明lim n!1 1个 nn = 0。 解决方案:(类似于讲座和练习) 令“ 2 R> 0。根据阿基米德原理,存在N 2 N,使得
N> 1
。因此,
8n 2 N N:
1个
nn 0
= 1
nn 1

1个
N <“ 显示断言。 (iii)(5分)计算lim n!1 arctan(n)n2 cos(n) n2 + 4罪(n) 。 解决方案:(类似于讲课和练习中的示例)首先,我们观察到 服务 lim n!1 arctan(n)n2 cos(n) n2 + 4罪(n) = lim n!1 arctan(n)cos(n) 22 1 + 4s(n) 22 : 由于jsinj和jcosj的边界为1,我们得到sin(n) n2! 0和cos(n) n2! 0, 即使用代数规则来限制 lim n!1 arctan(n)n2 cos(n) n2 + 4罪(n) = lim n!1 arctan(n)cos(n) 22 1 + 4s(n) 22 = limn!1 arctan(n) 1个 = 2个 : 2.(20分)令(an)n2N为R和2 R中的序列。 (i)(5分) 1 X n = 1 和 1 X n = 1 an = a。 解:(在演讲中介绍)对于k 2 N,令sk:= Pk n = 1个然后我们 说 P1 当且仅当(sk)k2N收敛时,n = 1收敛。在那里面 案例,我们写 P1 n = 1 an = a当且仅当sk! a(k!1)。 (ii)(5分)表明 1 X n = 1 1个 n(n + 1) 是收敛的并计算其极限。 解决方案:(类似于练习)自1 n(n + 1) = n + 1 n n(n + 1) = 1 11 n + 1 观察到部分和sk满足 sk = X n = 1 1个 1个 n + 1 = 1 1 k + 1 ! 1(k!1): 因此,该级数收敛, P1 n = 1 1个 n(n + 1) = 1。 (iii)(10分)求所有x 2 R使得 1 X n = 1 n 收敛。 解决方案:(类似于讲座和练习中的示例)使用根 测试 lim n!1 x = lim n!1 X PN = x 我们得到 P1 n = 1 n n对所有x 2 B(0; 1)收敛,对 jxj> 1。
对于x = 1,级数变为
P1
n = 1
(1)n
n是交替的,并且
1个
n&0,该级数收敛。
对于x = 1,该序列因积分比较而发散,因为
P1
n = 1
1个
n <1 当且仅当limR!1 R 1个 dx x <1但 R 1个 dx X = lnR! 1: 因此, P1 n = 1 n 当且仅当x 2 [1; n 1)。 Section A 1. (15 points) Let (an)n2N be a sequence in R and a 2 R. (i) (5 points) Dene the notion of convergence and lim n!1an = a. Solution: (covered in lecture) We say (an)n2N converges to a and write limn!1 an = a if and only if 8″ 2 R>0 9N 2 N 8n 2 NN : jan aj < “: (ii) (5 points) Using the denition of convergence, show that lim n!1 1 nn = 0. Solution: (similar to lecture and exercises) Let ” 2 R>0. By the Archimedean Principle, there exists N 2 N such that
N > ” 1
. Hence,
8n 2 NN :
1
nn 0
= 1
nn 1
n
1
N < ” shows the assertion. (iii) (5 points) Compute lim n!1 arctan(n)n2 cos(n) n2 + 4 sin(n) . Solution: (similar to examples in lecture and exercises) First, we ob- serve lim n!1 arctan(n)n2 cos(n) n2 + 4 sin(n) = lim n!1 arctan(n) cos(n) n2 1 + 4sin(n) n2 : Since jsinj and jcosj are bounded by 1, we obtain sin(n) n2 ! 0 and cos(n) n2 ! 0, i.e., using the algebraic rules for limits lim n!1 arctan(n)n2 cos(n) n2 + 4 sin(n) = lim n!1 arctan(n) cos(n) n2 1 + 4sin(n) n2 =limn!1 arctan(n) 1 = 2 : 2. (20 points) Let (an)n2N be a sequence in R and a 2 R. (i) (5 points) Dene the notion of convergence of 1 X n=1 an and 1 X n=1 an = a. Solution: (covered in lecture) For k 2 N, let sk := Pk n=1 an. Then, we say P1 n=1 an is convergent if and only if (sk)k2N is convergent. In that case, we write P1 n=1 an = a if and only if sk ! a (k ! 1). (ii) (5 points) Show that 1 X n=1 1 n(n + 1) is convergent and compute its limit. Solution: (similar to exercises) Since 1 n(n+1) = n+1 n n(n+1) = 1 n 1 n+1 , we observe that the partial sums sk satisfy sk = k X n=1 1 n 1 n + 1 = 1 1 k + 1 ! 1 (k ! 1): Hence, the series converges and P1 n=1 1 n(n+1) = 1. (iii) (10 points) Find all x 2 R such that 1 X n=1 xn n converges. Solution: (similar to examples in lecture and exercises) Using the root test lim n!1 n rxn n = lim n!1 x n pn = x we obtain that P1 n=1 xn n converges for all x 2 B(0; 1) and diverges for jxj > 1.
For x = 1, the series becomes
P1
n=1
( 1)n
n which is alternating and, since
1
n & 0, the series converges.
For x = 1, the series diverges by integral comparison since
P1
n=1
1
n < 1 if and only if limR!1 R R 1 dx x < 1 but Z R 1 dx x = lnR ! 1: Thus, P1 n=1 xn n converges if and only if x 2 [ 1; 1).

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